Calculation rays are sent outward from a particular viewpoint and the program follows each ray as it hits and reflects off different surfaces and divides into more rays. Raytracing, on the other hand, is a point-specific lighting calculation process. A disadvantage to the radiosity method is that it applies to matte and diffuse surfaces only, so contributions from translucent, transparent, and specular (shiny) surfaces are not included in the calculation.
Because of the surface dependency of the calculation, the radiosity method can calculate a model once and produce any desired view. Lambertian reflectance refers to surfaces that have reflected light scattered in such a way that the apparent brightness of the surface is the same regardless of the observer's angle of view. This method works well for all matte model surfaces since radiosity is based on Lambertian reflectance calculations. The program then solves the system of equations in the model by determining the quantity of light on each patch as a result of the total sum of all the patches. Each patch is calculated individually for the amount of light that enters or leaves that surface. Radiosity is a calculation method that divides each surface into small pieces, called patches. To better understand how lighting software accurately calculates lighting levels, radiosity and raytracing must be differentiated.
All available lighting software options use one of two methods of calculation-radiosity or raytracing. Lighting calculation software depends on two important components to produce accurate calculations: the selected light sources, and the surfaces within the model. In choosing lighting software, it is important to determine the designer's required purpose: Is the software being selected to perform simple calculations, assist in space analysis, or to provide the client with a photo-realistic rendering? Once the functional intent is determined, the pros and cons of each software option can be evaluated to best suit the designer's needs. Lighting designers use software as a design tool to complement and contribute to the design process, for everything from complex calculations to presentation renderings.
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